不同模式对珠三角地区细颗粒物污染模拟效果对比评估

运用CAMxv5.4、CMAQv4.7.1、CMAQv5.0.2(AEOR5)和CMAQv5.02(AEOR6)模拟2013年12月珠三角地区空气质量,并对比评估不同模式、不同模式版本、不同气溶胶机制在PM_(2.5)模拟上的表现.各模式在PM_(2.5)的模拟上均表现良好,呈现出合理且相似的时空特征,在市区和非超标时段CAMx模式表现最优,而在郊区和超标时段则不存在表现最优的模式.CMAQ系列模式在市区和郊区、超标时段和非超标时段均表现相似,CMAQ4模式表现均优于CMAQ5系列模式,而CMAQ5AE6模式在反映PM_(2.5)的浓度水平的能力上强于CMAQ5AE5模式,但在重现PM_(2.5)小时浓度变化趋势的能力上却劣于CMAQ5AE5模式.边界条件是不同模式PM_(2.5)模拟差异的主要来源之一,且在超标时段边界条件对PM_(2.5)模拟效果的影响大于非超标时段.此外,CAMx模式与CMAQ5AE5模式之间硫酸盐、硝酸盐和有机颗粒的差异导致了其PM_(2.5)模拟表现上差异,CMAQ4模式与CMAQ5AE5模式之间硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐等无机盐组分的差异是导致其PM_(2.5)模拟差异的主要原因,硝酸盐和铵盐的差异是CMAQ5AE5模式与CMAQ5AE6模式之间PM_(2.5)模拟差异的主要因素.     

湿式电除尘器在细颗粒物控制中的应用

论述了湿式电除尘器的工作原理、技术特点、结构及设计形式,探讨了湿式电除尘器在我国的应用前景。     

某精细化工企业清洁生产审核实践研究

以某企业的清洁生产审核为例,阐述分析精细化工行业开展清洁生产审核的必要性及实践意义.针对该企业存在的八方面问题,提出切实可行的无低费及中高费清洁生产方案共计28项,经核算各方案的经济、环境、社会效益,指出企业开展清洁生产审核的实际价值,为企业节能减排、低碳发展指明方向.本次审核初步探讨了清洁生产在精细化工行业的具体实践,对该行业清洁生产的践行具有一定的指导意义.     

南宁市区交通环境空气颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征分析研究

含碳颗粒物是大气颗粒物的重要组成部分,对人体健康产生很大的威胁.分别于2012年夏季及2013年冬季在南宁市选取六条主要交通干道采集了PM10、PM2.5样品,分析测定了其中的碳组分.结果表明,碳组分浓度季节变化明显.碳组分在细颗粒物中占有比重比在可吸入颗粒物中大.存在二次有机碳污染.对8种碳组分丰度分析说明南宁市大气颗粒物中碳组分的主要来源是燃煤、机动车尾气及生物质样品燃烧.     

可张孔曝气器曝气能耗试验研究

通过试验研究，总结出可张孔曝气阻力损失的影响因素，以优化产品的结构设计参数，降低产品在工程应用中的能耗，获取更好的经济效益。     

Specific features of the growth of Scots pine vegetative organs in the forest-steppe zone of Cisbaikalia

The dependence of the annual increment of vegetative organs on air temperature and humidity and the amount of precipitation per phenophase, as well as the period of their growth in Scots pine, were studied in the forest-steppe zone of Cisbaikalia. The multiple effect of variation in environmental conditions on the annual increment of organs increased when precipitation in September of the previous year was taken into account. These factors proved to have a stronger effect on variation in the annual increment of needles (R ² = 0.59, p = 0.00005) than that in the annual ring width (R ² = 0.38, p = 0.0002).     

火电厂烟气排放对广州大气环境的影响

广州市是酸雨、可吸入颗粒物污染严重的地区之一,这与其能源结构以煤为主有关.广州发电厂以燃煤为主,其周围大气采样数据分析显示燃煤电厂可对周围大气环境造成较大影响,是酸雨前体物、可吸入颗粒物的主要排放源.酸雨破坏了生态环境,也阻碍了经济的发展;燃煤排放的烟尘细颗粒物属于可吸入颗粒物,其上附着的As、Cr等微量元素多为致癌物质和致基因毒性诱变物质,对周围居民的健康危害极大.最后, 对当前的环境保护工作及存在的问题进行了阐述.     

Nitrogen Budget of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem After Six-year Addition of Ammonium Sulphate in Southwest Sweden

A nitrogen (N) budget was constructed for a period of 6 years (1988–1993) in a Norway spruce stand with current deposition of 19 kg N and 22 kg S ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The stand was fertilized annually by addition of 100 kg N and 114 kg S ha⁻¹ (NS). Above and below ground biomass, litterfall, fine- root litter production, soil solution and net mineralization were measured to estimate pools, fluxes and accumulation of nitrogen. The average needle litterfall in control (C) and NS plots in 1993 was 2.2 and 2.5 ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. The fine root litter production prior to treatment (1987) was 4.4 ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and after treatment (1993) it was 4.5 and 3.9 ton ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in C and NS plots, respectively. Net N mineralization in the soil profile down to 50 cm was estimated to be 86 and 115 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ in C and NS plots, respectively in 1992. During the treatment period the uptake of N in the needle biomass in C and NS plots was 29 and 77 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. No N was accumulated in needles of C plot where the NS plots accumulated 34 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Of the annually added inorganic N to NS plots 47% was accumulated in the above and below ground biomass and 37% in the soil. N fluxes via fine-root litter production in the C plots were much higher (54 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than that via litterfall (29 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The corresponding values in the NS plots were 65 and 43 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively. Most of the net N mineralization occurred in the FH layer and upper mineral soil. It is concluded that fine root litter and litterfall play an important role in the cycling of N. Despite a high N uptake the losses of N in litterfall and fine root litter resulted in an incorporation of N in soil organic matter.     

铁合金电炉烟尘治理技术分析

本文在分析了半封闭铁合金电炉产生的烟气、烟尘的特性和各种除尘设备性能的基础上，提出了净化铁合金电炉烟尘的三种技术：袋式除尘、强化湿式除尘和文丘里除尘器。并对袋式除尘工艺和Calvert洗涤器除尘工艺作了介绍，分析了它们的经济技术指标。半封闭铁合金电炉烟尘只能采用布袋除尘器净化，只有那些建在环境空气质量三类区的铁合金电炉，当资金非常紧缺时，才可采用Cavlert洗涤器除尘。